OROLBO‘YI MINTAQASI TAHLILI VA HUDUDNING YASHIL TRANSFORMATSIYASI ISTIQBOLLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54613/ku.v18iB.1659Keywords:
Orol ekotizimi, Orolbo‘yi mintaqasi, yashil iqtisodiyot, barqaror rivojlanish, cho‘llanish, Orolqum, yarim oy usuliAbstract
Mazkur maqolada Orolbo‘yi mintaqasida yuzaga kelgan ekologik inqirozning kelib chiqish sabablari, uning iqtisodiy, ekologik va ijtimoiy oqibatlari hamda hududni barqaror rivojlantirish istiqbollari keng tahlil qilingan. Orol dengizining keskin qisqarishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan cho‘llanish, tuproq sho‘rlanishi, biologik xilma-xillikning kamayishi, suv resurslari tanqisligi va atmosfera ifloslanishi kabi omillarning mintaqa aholisi turmush darajasi hamda iqtisodiyot tarmoqlariga ta’siri yoritilgan. Shuningdek, Orolqum cho‘lining shakllanishi oqibatida yuzaga kelayotgan chang va tuz bo‘ronlarining inson salomatligi, qishloq xo‘jaligi unumdorligi va iqlim sharoitiga salbiy ta’siri ilmiy manbalar hamda statistik ma’lumotlar asosida tahlil etilgan. Tadqiqot davomida Orolbo‘yi hududida amalga oshirilayotgan davlat siyosati, ekologik dasturlar va xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan olib borilayotgan loyihalarning ahamiyati baholangan. Xususan, Orolqum hududini o‘rmonlashtirish, saksovul va cho‘l sharoitiga mos o‘simliklarni ekish, yashil iqtisodiyot tamoyillarini joriy etish hamda ekologik innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlarning samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada Jahon banki, BMT va boshqa xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan moliyalashtirilayotgan ekologik loyihalarning mintaqa ekologik holatini yaxshilashdagi o‘rni ham yoritilgan. Shuningdek, Afrikaning Sahel mintaqasida muvaffaqiyatli qo‘llanilgan “yarim oy” shaklidagi agroekologik usulning ilmiy-amaliy jihatlari o‘rganilib, uni Orolqum hududida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari asoslab berilgan. Ushbu usul orqali yog‘in suvlarini samarali saqlash, tuproq namligini oshirish, eroziya va cho‘llanish darajasini kamaytirish, biomassa hosil qilish hamda yashil hududlarni kengaytirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan.
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